UPDATED INFORMATION AS OF JUNE 1st, 2009: 

Air travel to Jamaica requires a valid US passport for everyone, of all ages. For adults, land or sea travel requires a passport, passport card or a membership card from one of the following trusted traveler programs: NEXUS, FAST or SENTRI. Children under the age of 16 may travel with a copy of their birth certificate only if they are traveling by land or sea.

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